GLP1 weight loss medication and Gallbladder problems

GLP1 medications have proven benefits and are widely used for weight loss. As all medication though, they come with possible adverse effects. One of the most commonly experienced side effects are gallbladder related issues, such as gallstones and cholecystitis. Weight loss and especially rapid weight loss is associated in itself with gallstone formation and gallbladder symptoms. This is mainly due to higher cholesterol in the blood, which comes from fat breakdown and mobilisation. The cholesterol is secreted in the bile and high concentrations can cause gallstones. In addition to this, there are data to show that patients on GLP1 have less pronounced cholecystokinin release. Cholecystokinin is a hormone secreted after meals and squeezes the gallbladder to empty. Lower levels of this hormone are therefore related to reduced gallbladder movement and promote gallstone formation due to bile stasis. All GLP1 drugs are related to gallstones and gallstone-related symptoms, such as pain (called biliary colic) or infection/inflammation of the gallbladder (called cholecystitis). Higher doses and prolonged use (6 months or more) are associated with higher risk, while liraglutide (the active ingredient in Saxenda and Victosa) was associated with higher risk for symptomatic gallstones in patients with diabetes.

It is clear that GLP1 drugs are very useful in weight loss, however their use has to be balanced against possible side effects and the patients have to be appropriately counselled and actively managed, including appropriate dosing and duration of treatment. A healthy diet including healthy fat (such as the ones in avocado, fish, olive oil and nuts) and maintaining good hydration is beneficial. Some data suggest that in high risk cases, the use of medication that keeps the bile thinner, such as the ursodeoxycholic acid, may also help. If you are suffering from gallstones or pain in your gallbladder then seek the advice of a specialist.